# Noem v. Vasquez Perdomo **Status: stub.** Supreme Court shadow-docket order of **September 8, 2025** (6–3) staying lower-court injunctions that had barred immigration agents from stopping people in the Los Angeles area based solely on a combination of four factors: apparent race or ethnicity, speaking Spanish or accented English, presence at a particular location (such as a bus stop, car wash, or agricultural site), and type of work. Critics, including the dissent and civil-liberties groups, charged that the ruling effectively authorizes racial profiling in [[ICE]] enforcement. A central enforcement-authority precedent of the second term. See also: [[US Immigration Timeline]].