# Appropriations Subcommittee Crosswalk A two-column map of the **twelve annual appropriations bills**: each subcommittee on the left, the departments and agencies its bill actually funds on the right. Where [[Appropriations Process Flow]] maps the *stages* money passes through and [[Appropriations Process]] narrates the twelve bills as a political story, this answers the flat operational question — **which subcommittee holds a given agency's money?** That is a different question from which committee has policy jurisdiction over it, and the two answers disagree more often than anyone expects. The companion on the authorizing side is [[Committee Oversight Crosswalk]]. Both chambers use the same twelve-bill structure, so the crosswalk is bicameral — with one live exception noted in the map: the House renamed its State-Foreign Operations subcommittee in the 119th Congress and the Senate did not. > [!note] How to read this crosswalk > `▸` marks a subcommittee (the bill it writes carries the same name) · `→` introduces what that bill funds · `⚠` marks an agency **funded by a subcommittee that does not match its parent department** — the crosswalk's most useful anomaly · `[·]` holds a dated caveat. Everything named is an institution, not an officeholder; this map does not go stale when chairs turn over. Amounts are deliberately omitted — they change annually and the lanes do not. ``` THE TWELVE APPROPRIATIONS BILLS → WHAT EACH ONE FUNDS (119th Congress · FY2027 cycle) │ Legend: ▸ subcommittee / bill → agencies funded │ ⚠ funded by a subcommittee that does not match the agency's parent department │ ├─▸ 1. AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FDA, AND RELATED AGENCIES │ → Department of Agriculture — except the Forest Service: FSA · NRCS · RMA · AMS · APHIS │ → rural development · SNAP and WIC appropriations · commodity and crop-insurance programs │ → ⚠ Food and Drug Administration — an HHS agency, funded in the farm bill's approps lane │ → Farm Credit Administration · Commodity Futures Trading Commission [House side] │ ├─▸ 2. COMMERCE, JUSTICE, SCIENCE, AND RELATED AGENCIES (CJS) │ → Department of Justice: FBI · DEA · ATF · Bureau of Prisons · U.S. Marshals · U.S. Attorneys │ → Department of Commerce: Census Bureau · NOAA · NIST · Patent and Trademark Office · EDA │ → NASA · National Science Foundation · Legal Services Corporation · EEOC │ ├─▸ 3. DEFENSE │ → Department of Defense military functions: military personnel · operation and maintenance │ · procurement · research, development, test and evaluation · defense health program │ → the DoD-funded intelligence elements: NSA · DIA · NGA · NRO │ → NOT military construction (bill 10) · NOT nuclear weapons (bill 4) · NOT the Corps (bill 4) │ ├─▸ 4. ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES │ → Department of Energy — including ⚠ the National Nuclear Security Administration, so the │ nuclear weapons complex is funded outside the Defense bill entirely │ → ⚠ Army Corps of Engineers civil works — a DoD agency, funded here, not in Defense │ → Bureau of Reclamation · FERC · Nuclear Regulatory Commission · Appalachian Reg. Commission │ ├─▸ 5. FINANCIAL SERVICES AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT (FSGG) │ → Department of the Treasury, including the IRS · Executive Office of the President │ → ⚠ the entire federal judiciary — a separate branch, funded by one House subcommittee │ → District of Columbia · GSA · OPM · Small Business Administration · National Archives │ → the independent regulators: SEC · FTC · FCC · FEC · CPSC · Election Assistance Commission │ ├─▸ 6. HOMELAND SECURITY │ → Department of Homeland Security: CBP · ICE · TSA · Coast Guard · Secret Service │ → FEMA and the Disaster Relief Fund · CISA · FLETC · S&T │ → USCIS appears here but runs mostly on user fees, not appropriations │ ├─▸ 7. INTERIOR, ENVIRONMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES │ → Department of the Interior except Reclamation: BLM · NPS · Fish and Wildlife · USGS · BIA │ → Environmental Protection Agency │ → ⚠ Forest Service — a USDA agency, funded here rather than in the Agriculture bill │ → ⚠ Indian Health Service — an HHS agency, funded here rather than in Labor-HHS │ → Smithsonian Institution · National Endowment for the Arts · Nat'l Endowment for the │ Humanities · National Gallery of Art │ ├─▸ 8. LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RELATED AGENCIES (LHHS) │ → Department of Labor · Department of Education │ → HHS except FDA and IHS: NIH · CDC · CMS program administration · ACF · HRSA · SAMHSA │ → Social Security Administration operating budget (benefits themselves are mandatory) │ → NLRB · Institute of Museum and Library Services · AmeriCorps │ → Corporation for Public Broadcasting [advance funding rescinded 2025 — line effectively dead] │ → the largest and most contested of the twelve; the one most often left for a year-end deal │ ├─▸ 9. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH │ → the House and the Senate themselves · U.S. Capitol Police · Architect of the Capitol │ → Library of Congress · Government Publishing Office │ → Government Accountability Office · Congressional Budget Office │ → by long custom each chamber defers to the other on its own internal accounts │ ├─▸ 10. MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, VETERANS AFFAIRS, AND RELATED AGENCIES (MilCon-VA) │ → military construction and family housing · BRAC environmental cleanup · NATO infrastructure │ → Department of Veterans Affairs: VHA · VBA · National Cemetery Administration │ → VA medical care is **advance-appropriated a full year ahead**, which is why VA hospitals │ keep running through a lapse that closes other agencies │ → Arlington National Cemetery · American Battle Monuments Commission │ ├─▸ 11. NATIONAL SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, AND RELATED PROGRAMS (House) │ ▸ STATE, FOREIGN OPERATIONS, AND RELATED PROGRAMS (Senate — the older name) │ → Department of State and the whole foreign-assistance account structure, including the │ portfolio absorbed when USAID was closed │ → Peace Corps · Millennium Challenge Corp · Development Finance Corp · Export-Import Bank │ → U.S. Agency for Global Media · contributions to international organizations and to │ international peacekeeping activities │ → the House renamed this subcommittee in the 119th; the Senate kept the old title, so the │ two chambers now conference bills that do not share a name │ └─▸ 12. TRANSPORTATION, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES (T-HUD) → Department of Transportation: FAA · FHWA · FTA · FRA · MARAD · PHMSA · NHTSA → Department of Housing and Urban Development: Section 8 · public housing · CDBG · FHA → Amtrak · NTSB · Surface Transportation Board · Federal Maritime Commission ■ THE SEVEN ANOMALIES — agencies whose money lane ≠ their department │ ├─ Food and Drug Administration ....... HHS agency ........... funded in AGRICULTURE ├─ Indian Health Service .............. HHS agency ........... funded in INTERIOR ├─ Forest Service ..................... USDA agency .......... funded in INTERIOR ├─ Army Corps of Engineers (civil) .... DoD agency ........... funded in ENERGY-WATER ├─ NNSA / nuclear weapons ............. DOE agency ........... funded in ENERGY-WATER, not DEFENSE ├─ Military construction .............. DoD account .......... funded in MILCON-VA, not DEFENSE └─ The federal judiciary .............. a separate BRANCH .... funded in FSGG Each line is a place where the subcommittee writing the check is not the subcommittee you would predict from an org chart — and not the authorizing committee either. ■ WHAT THE TWELVE BILLS DO NOT REACH │ ├─ ~27% of federal outlays. Social Security benefits, Medicare, Medicaid, and net interest are │ mandatory spending on autopilot — no annual vote, no subcommittee, no lane on this map. ├─ Fee-funded operations (most of USCIS, much of PTO) and self-financing entities (TVA, the │ Postal Service's operating account, the Federal Reserve) sit outside the process. ├─ The intelligence budget's classified detail, which passes through Defense as an aggregate. └─ Supplementals and rescissions, which move outside the twelve-bill cycle entirely. ``` ## Notes **Where the FY2027 cycle actually stands (as of August 2026).** House Republican appropriators reported **all twelve** FY2027 bills through subcommittee and full committee by June 25, 2026 — the "12-for-12" claim — with three passed on the House floor, including H.R. 8595, the National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2027, which passed 217–209 on July 15. Reporting bills is not enacting them: on July 17 the committee moved a **continuing resolution (H.R. 9770) running through December 4, 2026**, so the government is again operating on a CR while full-year bills wait. A **$87.6 billion defense supplemental** was formally transmitted on June 24, 2026, outside the twelve-bill structure. The FY2026 cycle that preceded this one produced two shutdowns, including the longest in American history. **The subcommittee rename is not cosmetic.** In the 119th Congress the House retitled State-Foreign Operations as **National Security, Department of State, and Related Programs**, folding the diplomacy and foreign-assistance bill into national-security framing at exactly the moment [[United States Agency for International Development]] was closed and its surviving programs absorbed by the [[Department of State]]. The Senate kept the old name. The two chambers now write, mark up, and conference the same bill under two different titles — a small artifact of a real reclassification of what foreign aid is for. **Why the anomalies matter more than the list.** An agency's *policy* overseer and its *money* overseer are set by two different partitions that were never reconciled. The Forest Service answers to the Agriculture committees on policy and to the Interior subcommittees on funding. The Indian Health Service is an HHS agency funded through Interior. The federal judiciary — a coequal branch — has its entire budget written by a single House subcommittee that also handles the IRS and the District of Columbia. Each split means no single panel sees an agency whole, and each is a seam where a rider can be attached by members who never held a hearing on the program. Combined with the pattern in [[Committee Oversight Crosswalk]], where executive reorganization silently moves functions between authorizing lanes, the practical result is that the number of agencies with one clear, accountable congressional overseer is close to zero. **Advance appropriations are the quiet shutdown insurance.** VA medical care is funded a year ahead, which is why veterans' hospitals stay open through lapses that close other agencies. It is the clearest demonstration that shutdown pain is allocated by drafting choices made months earlier, not by the shutdown itself — see [[Government Shutdown]] and [[Continuing Resolution]]. **Caveats.** Bill titles vary slightly between chambers and across Congresses, and a handful of small accounts (the CFTC being the perennial example) have migrated between bills. Agency lists here are the principal accounts, not exhaustive line items; dollar figures are deliberately omitted. Nothing here reflects the *authorizing* jurisdiction, which is a separate and non-parallel partition. **Officeholders:** none, by design. Subcommittee chairs live in [[Congressional Committees Full Tree]]. ## See also - [[Appropriations Process Flow]] — the stages this money moves through, authorization to outlay - [[Appropriations Process]] — the prose companion: the twelve bills as political history - [[Committee Oversight Crosswalk]] — the authorizing-side partition, and where it disagrees with this one - [[House Appropriations Committee]] · [[Senate Appropriations Committee]] — the two panels that write these bills - [[Continuing Resolution]] · [[Government Shutdown]] · [[Apportionment]] — what happens when the twelve don't pass, and what happens after they do - [[Discretionary vs Mandatory Spending]] — why this map covers only about a quarter of federal outlays - [[Power of the Purse]] · [[Rescission and Impoundment]] · [[Impoundment Control Act]] — the constitutional stake - [[Budget Hub]] · [[Congress Hub]] — the parent hubs