# Richard Christie American social psychologist who, with Florence Geis, operationalized **Machiavellianism** as a measurable personality trait in *Studies in Machiavellianism* (1970), creating the **Mach-IV scale**. Machiavellianism — a manipulative, cynical, ends-justify-means interpersonal style — later became one leg of the [[Dark Triad]]. > [!note] Stub > Minimum-viable page created to resolve inbound wikilinks. Expand with the Mach-IV scale and Studies in Machiavellianism.