# Otto Fenichel > [!note] Stub > This is a short entry that hasn't been fully written yet. **Otto Fenichel** (1897–1946) was an Austrian psychoanalyst who trained in Freud's Vienna, taught at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute until the Nazis came to power, worked in Oslo and Prague, and settled in Los Angeles in 1938. His textbook *The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis* (1945) became a standard text in analytic training. He was a leading figure among Marxist psychoanalysts, linking them through secret circular letters, and the idea of "narcissistic supplies," the outside admiration some people need to keep their self-regard intact, goes back to his work. ## Connections - [[Narcissistic Supply]] — the concept that traces to his writing - [[Narcissism]] — the wider subject - [[Sigmund Freud]] — whose lectures he attended in Vienna