# John Marshall Harlan Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1877 to 1911, appointed by [[Rutherford B. Hayes]], and the Gilded Age Court's most consistent dissenter against its rulings for segregation and for capital. A Kentucky former slaveholder who became the Court's lone voice in [[Plessy v. Ferguson]] ("Our Constitution is color-blind"), he also dissented in [[Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Company]], where he said striking the income tax "strikes at the very foundations of national authority," and in the Civil Rights Cases (1883). He wrote the majority in [[Northern Securities]] (1904) breaking up the railroad trust, and concurred in the results while rejecting the "rule of reason" in the 1911 Standard Oil and [[United States v. American Tobacco]] decisions. Not to be confused with his grandson, John Marshall Harlan II (Associate Justice, 1955–1971), whom several vault pages mention by that full name. *Stub — expand with: Kentucky background and Civil War service, the 1877 appointment, the Civil Rights Cases dissent, Plessy, Pollock, Lochner dissent, the antitrust concurrences, the Harlan line of the contemporary "color-blind Constitution" argument.*