# Irving Janis American psychologist who developed the theory of [[Groupthink]] — the phenomenon where cohesive groups suppress dissent and critical thinking in pursuit of consensus, leading to catastrophic decisions. Janis's case studies (Bay of Pigs, Pearl Harbor, Vietnam escalation) demonstrated how insular advisory structures produce intelligence failures. The groupthink framework is directly applicable to understanding how ideologically homogeneous movements like the [[Koch Network]] or the [[Heritage Foundation]]'s Project 2025 team can develop increasingly radical policy agendas without internal correction mechanisms. *Stub — expand with: eight symptoms of groupthink, application to Iraq War decision-making, relevance to echo chambers and filter bubbles, preventive measures Janis proposed.*