# Emma Goldman Lithuanian-born anarchist activist, writer, and lecturer who became one of the most prominent radical figures in early twentieth-century America. Goldman championed [[Free speech]], labor rights, women's reproductive autonomy, and opposition to conscription during World War I. Her magazine *Mother Earth* (1906–1917) was a hub of anarchist and [[Progressive Era]] thought. The federal government deported Goldman to Russia in 1919 during the first [[Red Scare]], making her an early symbol of the tension between national security and civil liberties — a dynamic that recurs in modern [[Immigration]] debates. She grew disillusioned with Bolshevism after witnessing its authoritarianism firsthand. *Stub — expand with: relationship to Alexander Berkman, Homestead affair, influence on later New Left and feminist movements.*