# Earl Browder American Communist leader (1891–1973) who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party USA from 1934 to 1945 and was its presidential candidate in 1936 and 1940. During the Popular Front era he sought to present American communism as a homegrown, patriotic movement ("Communism is twentieth-century Americanism"). He was expelled from the party in 1946 after Moscow repudiated his accommodationist line and spent his later years in obscurity. He is the grandfather of financier [[Bill Browder]], who has described rebelling against his left-wing family by becoming a capitalist — and who went on to build the largest foreign investment fund in post-Soviet Russia before becoming one of Vladimir Putin's most prominent foreign adversaries. The generational arc from CPUSA chief to anti-Kremlin sanctions crusader is a recurring detail in profiles of the younger Browder.