# Privileges and Immunities Clause **Status: stub — expand.** Article IV, § 2 — "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States." The anti-discrimination rule of interstate federalism: a state may not treat out-of-staters worse than its own citizens as to fundamental rights, absent a substantial reason and a close fit (*Toomer v. Witsell*, 1948; *Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper*, 1985). It reaches occupations, access to courts, and the right to travel; it does not reach recreational licensing or, generally, corporations, which are not "citizens" for its purposes. Distinguish it from the **Privileges or Immunities Clause** of the [[Fourteenth Amendment]], which was gutted by the *Slaughter-House Cases* (1873) and has never been revived — a distinct provision with a nearly identical name. ## See also - [[Full Faith and Credit Clause]] · [[Dormant Commerce Clause]] - [[Fourteenth Amendment]] · [[Federalism Powers Crosswalk]]