# Reorganization Authority **Reorganization authority** was a delegated power, granted by Congress in successive statutes beginning in 1932 and most familiarly under the Reorganization Act of 1949, allowing the President to submit a plan restructuring executive agencies that took effect automatically unless Congress disapproved it within a set period. The mechanism depended on a legislative veto. After [[INS v. Chadha]] (1983) held one-house legislative vetoes unconstitutional, the authority was reworked and then **lapsed in 1984**. It has not been renewed since, despite periodic requests from presidents of both parties. The consequence is structural and is the premise of every later fight over executive restructuring: **an agency created by statute can now be abolished only by statute.** Executive-branch reorganization must therefore proceed through execution-side tools — personnel actions, funding decisions, and interagency agreements — none of which repeals anything. See [[How a Federal Agency Is Dismantled]] and [[Separation of Powers]].