# Mississippi Plan The name given to two Democratic strategies for ending Black political power in Mississippi. The **1875 plan** was violence and intimidation — armed "rifle clubs," attacks on Republican rallies, and threats at the polls — which overturned the Reconstruction state government and was copied by South Carolina's [[Red Shirts]] the following year. The **1890 plan** was the state constitution that achieved the same result by law: poll taxes, literacy tests and residency rules that disfranchised nearly all Black voters while formally complying with the Fifteenth Amendment, a template adopted across the South over the next two decades. Together they are the two halves of [[Reconstruction and Its Overthrow]] — force first, then the statute that made force unnecessary. See [[Voter Suppression]]. Stub — expand.