# Independent Redistricting Commission A body other than the legislature charged with drawing district lines, adopted by a minority of states to remove or reduce direct legislative self-interest in the process. Commissions vary far more than the shared label suggests. **Independent** commissions exclude legislators and officeholders outright (Arizona, California, Michigan). **Political** commissions are appointed by legislative leaders and split by party (New Jersey, Hawaii). **Advisory** commissions only recommend, leaving final adoption with the legislature. **Backup** commissions act only if the legislature deadlocks. The Supreme Court upheld the independent model against an [[Elections Clause]] challenge in *Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission* (2015). A commission constrains a legislature only to the extent the state constitution prevents the legislature from going around it.