# Great Awakenings The Great Awakenings are the substantial American historical-religious-revival movement-environments substantially-categorized across approximately four substantively-distinct substantial historical-religious-revival periods of substantial American religious-cultural-history: substantial First Great Awakening (1730s-1740s; substantial Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield substantial-foundational-figures); substantial Second Great Awakening (1790s-1840s; substantial Charles Finney, Lyman Beecher substantial-foundational-figures; substantial broader substantial-American-religious-cultural-environment-transformation-and-substantial-evangelical-Protestantism-mainstream-religious-cultural-environment-development); substantial Third Great Awakening (1850s-1900s; substantial Social-Gospel-movement substantial-foundational-figures including Walter Rauschenbusch and adjacent figures); substantial Fourth Great Awakening (substantially-contested; substantial 1960s-1970s evangelical-movement substantial-revival-environment substantial-historical-categorization). The categorical-framework substantially-historiographically-contested across contemporary American religious-history-scholarly-environment. The framework matters for the KB substantially across multiple registers: 1. **Foundational American religious-cultural-history documentary anchor.** Great Awakenings is the foundational American religious-cultural-history documentary-anchor for substantial American religious-cultural-environment-development across approximately three substantively-distinct centuries of substantial American religious-cultural-history. 2. **Foundational historical-source for contemporary American [[Christian Nationalism]] / [[Christian Fundamentalism]] / [[Dispensationalism]] / [[Prosperity Gospel]] political-cultural-environment-traditions.** Substantial portion of contemporary American religious-right political-coalition-organizational-and-political-cultural-environment-tradition substantially-derives from substantial Great-Awakening substantial historical-religious-revival movement-environments. 3. **Contemporary [[Apostolic-Prophetic Movement]] / NAR-and-broader-charismatic-evangelical-political-cultural-environment substantial-claim-to-Great-Awakening substantial-historical-categorical-continuity documentary case.** Substantial contemporary American Apostolic-Prophetic Movement / NAR-and-broader-charismatic-evangelical-political-cultural-environment substantially-claims substantial historical-categorical-continuity with substantial Great-Awakening substantial historical-religious-revival movement-environment-tradition. ## Historical Phases **First Great Awakening (1730s-1740s).** Substantial American colonial-period substantial-religious-revival movement-environment substantially-organized around substantial Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758; substantial *Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God*, 1741; substantial Northampton-Massachusetts-pastor substantial-revival-environment-development), George Whitefield (1714-1770; substantial English-evangelist substantial American-colonial-mass-revival-environment-development across substantial multi-colony substantial-revival-tour), and substantial adjacent substantively-distinct substantial-foundational-figures. The substantial First Great Awakening substantial-cultural-impact substantially-foundational to subsequent American religious-cultural-environment-development. **Second Great Awakening (1790s-1840s).** Substantial post-Revolutionary substantial-religious-revival movement-environment substantially-organized around substantial Charles Finney (1792-1875; substantial revival-methodology-substantial-development), Lyman Beecher (1775-1863; substantial Connecticut-and-Boston-substantial-Calvinist-Congregational-substantial-foundational-figure), Timothy Dwight (1752-1817; substantial Yale-College-substantial-revival-environment-development), and substantial adjacent substantively-distinct substantial-foundational-figures. The substantial Second Great Awakening substantial-cultural-impact substantially-foundational to substantial American evangelical-Protestantism-mainstream-religious-cultural-environment-development; substantial American social-reform-environment-development including substantial American [[Abolition Movement]] substantial-foundation, substantial American women-suffrage-movement substantial-foundation, substantial American temperance-movement substantial-foundation. **Third Great Awakening (1850s-1900s).** Substantial late-19th-and-early-20th-century substantial-religious-revival movement-environment substantially-organized around substantial Social-Gospel-movement substantial-foundational-figures including Walter Rauschenbusch (1861-1918; substantial *A Theology for the Social Gospel*, 1917; substantial-foundational-Social-Gospel-figure), Washington Gladden (1836-1918), Josiah Strong (1847-1916), and substantial adjacent substantively-distinct substantial-foundational-figures. The substantial Third Great Awakening substantial-cultural-impact substantially-foundational to substantial American substantial-progressive-political-coalition-organizational-environment-development; substantial American [[Progressive Era]] substantial-political-coalition-organizational-environment substantially-derives from substantial Third Great Awakening substantial historical-religious-revival movement-environment. **Fourth Great Awakening (substantial 1960s-1970s evangelical-movement substantial-revival-environment substantial-historical-categorization).** Substantial 1960s-1970s substantial American evangelical-movement substantial-revival-environment substantial-historical-categorization substantially-contested across contemporary American religious-history-scholarly-environment. Substantial Robert Fogel substantial-articulation in substantial *The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism* (2000) substantially-articulates substantial Fourth-Great-Awakening categorical-framework; substantial portion of contemporary American religious-history-scholarly-environment substantially-contests the substantial categorical-framework as substantively-distinct from substantial earlier Great-Awakening substantial historical-religious-revival movement-environments. ## Why It Matters for the KB **Foundational American religious-cultural-history documentary anchor.** Great Awakenings is the foundational American religious-cultural-history documentary-anchor for substantial American religious-cultural-environment-development across approximately three substantively-distinct centuries of substantial American religious-cultural-history. Tracking the framework is essential to engaging with broader American religious-cultural-history analytical-literature. **Foundational historical-source for contemporary American religious-right political-coalition-organizational-and-political-cultural-environment-traditions.** Substantial portion of contemporary American religious-right political-coalition-organizational-and-political-cultural-environment-tradition substantially-derives from substantial Great-Awakening substantial historical-religious-revival movement-environments. Tracking the framework is essential to engaging with broader contemporary American religious-right political-coalition-organizational-and-political-cultural-environment analytical-literature. ## See Also - [[Christian Eschatology]] — adjacent contemporary American religious-cultural-environment analytical-framework - [[Apostolic-Prophetic Movement]] — adjacent contemporary American religious-right political-coalition-organizational-and-political-cultural-environment-tradition - [[Christian Nationalism]] — adjacent contemporary American religious-right political-coalition-and-political-philosophical-tradition - [[Christian Fundamentalism]] — adjacent contemporary American religious-right political-cultural-tradition - [[Dispensationalism]] — adjacent contemporary American religious-right political-cultural-tradition - [[Prosperity Gospel]] — adjacent contemporary American religious-right political-cultural-tradition