# Norfolk Southern > [!note] Stub — fill out One of the major U.S. Class I freight railroads, operating across the eastern United States. Became the focus of national rail-safety scrutiny after the February 2023 [[East Palestine Train Derailment]], whose vinyl chloride vent-and-burn the NTSB ruled unnecessary and which has cost the company over $2.2 billion. Expand with the precision-scheduled-railroading (PSR) operating model, crew-size and braking-rule fights, the 2024 proxy battle, and its lobbying record.